What is a possible health effect for heterozygous C282Y individuals compared to non-carriers?

Heterozygous C282Y individuals carry one copy of the HFE gene mutation associated with hereditary hemochromatosis. This mutation affects iron metabolism in the body, leading to increased iron absorption in some individuals. Consequently, heterozygous carriers may experience higher iron levels compared to non-carriers who do not have this mutation.

Individuals who are heterozygous for C282Y may have a higher risk of developing iron overload-related health issues over time. While the majority of heterozygotes do not express symptoms or significant pathophysiology, subtle increases in iron levels can still influence various health outcomes. Research indicates that these individuals can be at a greater risk for myocardial infarction, or heart attack, potentially due to the adverse effects of elevated iron levels on cardiovascular health, such as oxidative stress and inflammation.

This understanding highlights why the possibility of increased risk for myocardial infarction is a relevant health effect for heterozygous C282Y individuals when compared to non-carriers. The association between iron overload and cardiovascular disease provides a biological plausibility for this health effect.