What is the function of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) serves a crucial role as a fundamental component of ribosomes, which are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosomes are composed of both rRNA and proteins, and the rRNA provides the structural framework and functional site for translation processes.

In the context of protein synthesis, the rRNA catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids and helps to correctly position the mRNA and tRNAs during translation. This means that without rRNA, ribosomes cannot function, and as a result, the synthesis of proteins, which is essential for cellular function and structure, would be impaired.

Other options describe functions that are associated with different types of RNA. For example, carrying genetic information pertains to messenger RNA (mRNA), which transmits genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosomes, while DNA replication involves other types of enzymes and proteins. Additionally, the transcription process is primarily performed by RNA polymerase, which synthesizes mRNA from a DNA template, not by rRNA. Thus, the exclusive and vital responsibility of rRNA in forming and functioning within ribosomes establishes why it is the correct answer.