What is the rate of mutation per round of DNA replication?

The rate of mutation per round of DNA replication is estimated to be approximately 1 in 1,000,000,000 base pairs. This figure reflects the high fidelity of DNA replication, primarily due to the proofreading abilities of DNA polymerases and the various mechanisms that repair any errors that do arise during the replication process.

In eukaryotic organisms, this high accuracy is essential for maintaining genomic stability, which is critical for normal development and function. The fact that mutations can still occur—though at such a low rate—underscores the importance of not only accurate DNA synthesis but also effective repair mechanisms that act on any potential errors that escape proofreading.

This substantial figure is a result of extensive scientific research that delves into the fidelity of DNA replication across different organisms, highlighting how evolved mechanisms maintain genetic integrity. Understanding these rates aids in comprehending how mutations contribute to evolution, genetic diversity, and disease processes, such as cancer.