What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

Transfer RNA (tRNA) plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by linking amino acids in the correct sequence to form proteins. During the process of translation, tRNA molecules bring specific amino acids to the ribosome, where proteins are assembled. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that is complementary to the codon on the messenger RNA (mRNA), ensuring that the correct amino acid is added based on the genetic code provided by the mRNA sequence. This process is essential for the accurate formation of proteins that are vital for cellular function and structure.

The other options describe roles that are not associated with tRNA. For instance, the transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the ribosome is a function fulfilled by mRNA itself, not tRNA. Additionally, while tRNA participates in the translation process, it does not act as a catalyst; that role is more accurately attributed to the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) within the ribosome, which facilitates peptide bond formation. Finally, tRNA is not involved in DNA replication during cell division; DNA replication is a function performed by different enzymes such as DNA polymerases.