What type of information about DNA does bisulfite conversion provide regarding methylation status?

Bisulfite conversion specifically targets DNA methylation by converting unmethylated cytosines to uracils, while leaving methylated cytosines intact. This process allows researchers to determine the methylation status of individual cytosines in a DNA sequence, giving them insight into the methylation pattern at a single-nucleotide resolution. This level of detail is crucial for understanding epigenetic regulation, as methylation can significantly influence gene expression and cellular function.

The other options do not accurately reflect the specific outcomes of bisulfite conversion. For instance, while protein binding sites and gene expression levels may be influenced by methylation, bisulfite conversion does not directly provide information about these factors. It also does not reveal structural changes of the DNA as it primarily focuses on the methylation status rather than the overall structural integrity or arrangement of the DNA molecule. Hence, the ability of bisulfite conversion to provide single-nucleotide resolution information is what makes it the correct choice regarding the analysis of DNA methylation.