What is an anti-codon?

An anti-codon refers to a specific sequence of three nucleotides found on transfer RNA (tRNA) that is complementary to a corresponding codon sequence on messenger RNA (mRNA). During the process of translation, the mRNA is read by ribosomes, where the codons dictate which amino acids are to be added to the growing polypeptide chain. Each tRNA molecule carries a specific amino acid and possesses an anti-codon that pairs with its corresponding mRNA codon, ensuring that the correct amino acid is incorporated into the polypeptide based on the genetic code.

This function is critical for accurately translating the genetic information encoded in mRNA into functional proteins. The complementary nature of anti-codons and codons supports the fidelity of protein synthesis, as base-pairing ensures that the proper amino acids are assembled in the correct order according to the genetic instructions.