What is the main function of mismatch repair?

The main function of mismatch repair is to check for errors made during DNA replication. This process is crucial because DNA replication is inherently prone to mistakes, such as the incorporation of incorrect nucleotides. The mismatch repair system identifies these mismatches and corrects them, ensuring the fidelity of genetic information passed on to daughter cells. By correcting base pair mismatches that occur during DNA synthesis, this repair mechanism helps prevent mutations that could lead to various diseases, including cancer.

The other options refer to different DNA repair mechanisms. For instance, the removal of bulky DNA adducts is primarily accomplished through nucleotide excision repair, which targets larger distortions in the DNA helix caused by chemical modifications. Repairing double-strand breaks is typically handled by homologous recombination or non-homologous end joining, distinct pathways that specifically address the challenges of severe DNA strand breaks. Restoring DNA from ionizing radiation damage involves mechanisms like base excision repair and others, which deal with different types of DNA damage resulting from environmental factors. Understanding these specialized pathways highlights the unique role of mismatch repair in maintaining the integrity of genetic information during cellular replication.