What is the primary function of small activating RNA (saRNA)?

Small activating RNA (saRNA) primarily functions to induce gene expression at the transcriptional level. This class of small RNA molecules plays a critical role in enhancing the expression of specific genes by participating in pathways that lead to the activation of transcription. They do so by targeting promoter regions of genes, leading to the recruitment of transcriptional activators and associated machinery, which promotes the transcription of their target genes.

This unique mechanism sets saRNA apart from other small RNA molecules that might function to inhibit gene expression or perform other roles, such as digesting nucleic acids or unwinding DNA. By specifically focusing on gene activation rather than repression or degradation of genetic material, saRNA serves as an important tool in the regulation of gene expression and can be exploited for therapeutic interventions in various genetic diseases and research applications.