What is the process of translation in molecular biology?

Translation is the process in molecular biology where messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to synthesize a specific polypeptide, ultimately resulting in the formation of a protein. This process takes place in the ribosome, where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA) work together to read the sequence of the mRNA and to build the corresponding amino acid chain based on the genetic code.

During translation, the ribosome assembles amino acids in the order specified by the codons in the mRNA. Each set of three nucleotides on the mRNA (known as a codon) corresponds to a specific amino acid, which is delivered to the ribosome by tRNA. The sequence of the mRNA, which is transcribed from DNA prior to translation, ultimately dictates the order of amino acids and therefore the structure and function of the protein being produced.

In contrast to this, the other options describe different processes in molecular biology. Conversion of DNA into mRNA pertains to transcription, which is the first step in gene expression. Synthesis of RNA from a DNA template is also a reference to transcription, where RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary RNA strand from a DNA template. Editing pre-mRNA into mature mRNA involves