What is the purpose of the alpha satellite probe in FISH?

The purpose of the alpha satellite probe in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is to specifically target and identify centromeres. Alpha satellite DNA sequences are repetitive DNA sequences that are located near the centromeres of chromosomes, making these probes highly effective for labeling centromeric regions. This ability to specifically bind to centromeres allows researchers and clinicians to visualize and analyze chromosomal arrangement, count chromosome numbers, and assess chromosomal abnormalities that may be related to conditions such as cancer or genetic disorders.

This precise targeting is crucial because identifying centromeres can aid in determining chromosome stability and integrity, which is vital in various diagnostic applications. The other options, while related to FISH and chromosomal analysis, do not specifically pertain to the main function of the alpha satellite probe, which is predominantly focused on centromere identification.