What is the role of tumor suppressor genes?

Tumor suppressor genes play a crucial role in regulating cell division and maintaining genomic stability. Their primary function is to slow or stop cell division, preventing cells from proliferating uncontrollably, which can lead to tumor formation. These genes produce proteins that monitor the cell cycle and can initiate repair processes if DNA damage is detected, thereby ensuring that cells do not pass on mutations that could contribute to cancer development.

When tumor suppressor genes are functioning correctly, they act as a safeguard against cancer by repairing damaged DNA or initiating the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) if damage is irreparable. Mutations or deletions in these genes can lead to a loss of their regulatory function, which can result in unchecked cell growth and the potential development of cancer.

The other options do not accurately describe the function of tumor suppressor genes. While stimulating DNA repair mechanisms is part of their broader role, it is not their sole or primary function, making the focus on slowing or stopping cell division more encompassing of their essential purpose. Similarly, promoting abnormal cell growth or enhancing oncogene activity goes against the intended role of tumor suppressor genes, which are meant to mitigate such processes.