What is the role of secondary resistance mutations in HIV?

The role of secondary resistance mutations in HIV is particularly significant in the context of treatment with antiretroviral drugs. These mutations can develop after initial mutations that confer resistance, allowing the virus to continue replicating even in the presence of therapeutic agents designed to inhibit its activity.

In essence, secondary resistance mutations emerge as a response to selective pressure from the antiretroviral drugs. When the virus alters its genetic makeup, it can evade the effects of the medications, leading to persistent infection and replication despite the ongoing treatment. Thus, secondary mutations are crucial in understanding treatment failure and the need for alternative therapeutic strategies, such as changing the drug regimen or combining different classes of antiretrovirals to overcome resistance.

This knowledge underscores the importance of regular monitoring of HIV viral load and resistance testing in patients undergoing treatment, as it can inform the best course of action for someone living with HIV.