What structure is formed when a tRNA molecule is properly charged with its corresponding amino acid?

When a tRNA molecule is properly charged with its corresponding amino acid, it forms an aminoacyl-tRNA. This process involves the attachment of an amino acid to the tRNA molecule through an ester bond, a reaction catalyzed by enzymes known as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The charged tRNA, or aminoacyl-tRNA, is then ready to participate in protein synthesis by delivering the specific amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain during translation.

The formation of the aminoacyl-tRNA is crucial for the accuracy of protein synthesis, as it ensures that the correct amino acid is brought in accordance with the codon sequence on the mRNA template. This specificity is vital for maintaining the integrity of the protein being synthesized.

In contrast, the other terms refer to different processes or structures within protein synthesis. An amino acid complex does not specifically denote a tRNA-bound form, a peptide bond is the bond formed between adjacent amino acids during polypeptide formation, and peptidyl tRNA refers to a tRNA molecule that is holding onto a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosome, which occurs after several tRNA molecules have contributed amino acids. Thus, the clear distinction provided by the correct term "am