What type of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the correct type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome. This process begins when DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which consists of codons that reflect the sequence of nucleotides in the DNA. Once synthesized, the mRNA travels from the nucleus to the ribosomes, the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis.

At the ribosome, the mRNA serves as a template for assembling amino acids in the correct order to form a specific protein, based on the information encoded in the mRNA. This central dogma of molecular biology illustrates the flow of genetic information: DNA is transcribed to mRNA, which is then translated into proteins.

In contrast, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural component of ribosomes and plays a key role in protein synthesis, but it does not carry genetic information. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome during translation, pairing with the codons on the mRNA to ensure that proteins are synthesized accurately. Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) has roles primarily in RNA splicing, which does not involve transportation of genetic information to the ribosome for protein synthesis.