Which of the following diseases is an example of multifactorial disease?

Multifactorial diseases are those that result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors rather than a single genetic mutation or infectious agent. The correct answer exemplifies this as thromboembolic disorders, including thrombophilia, are influenced by a variety of factors: genetic predispositions (inheritance of mutations in clotting factors), environmental conditions (such as prolonged immobility, surgery, smoking), and lifestyle choices (diet, exercise).

In contrast, Alzheimer’s disease also has multifactorial aspects, but it’s more commonly associated with specific genetic factors such as the APOE gene variants, making it a complex but somewhat distinct condition. Diabetes mellitus is indeed multifactorial as well but encompasses a range of types with varying contributions from genetics and lifestyle. Multiple sclerosis, while influenced by genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures, is primarily characterized as an autoimmune disease rather than a strictly multifactorial one.

Thus, the defining aspect of thrombophilia as a multifactorial condition stems from the confluence of diverse biological, environmental, and behavioral influences leading to the disease, making it the best representative of a multifactorial disease among the options provided.